A focus indicator is a visual cue, like an outline, underline, or highlight—that shows which interactive element (button, link, input field, etc.) is currently focused using the keyboard. This is essential for keyboard navigation, allowing keyboard-only users and those using assistive technologies to track where they are on a web page.
Example: Pressing Tab moves focus from the navigation menu to a “Submit” button, which becomes outlined with a visible border.
Why Focus Indicators Matter for Accessibility
Focus indicators are critical for web accessibility because they provide orientation and interaction clarity. Without them, users navigating without a mouse may become lost or unable to complete tasks like filling out a form or submitting an order.
They are required under:
- WCAG 2.1 Success Criterion 2.4.7 (Focus Visible) – All focusable elements must have a visible indicator.
- ADA (U.S.) and BFSG (Germany) – Accessibility laws that align with WCAG standards and emphasize inclusive user experience.
If a user can’t see where their focus is, the entire digital experience becomes inaccessible.
How to Implement Focus Indicators with CSS/JS
Implementing a custom but visible focus indicator is easy and should be part of your CSS strategy:
button:focus,
a:focus,
input:focus {
outline: 3px solid #005fcc; /* High contrast color */
outline-offset: 2px;
}
✅ Tips:
- Use high-contrast colors to ensure visibility.
- Don't override focus styles without replacing them.
- Avoid using outline: none unless you’ve added an accessible replacement.
In JavaScript, ensure dynamically added elements are focusable:
element.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');
element.focus();
Practical Use in TYPO3, WordPress, and Other Platforms
- TYPO3: When customizing themes or extensions, ensure interactive elements retain visible focus. Use the Accesstive Extension to identify and audit missing indicators.
- WordPress: Choose “Accessibility Ready” themes. Some visual builders may strip focus styles, so test tab navigation thoroughly.
Also test using keyboard-only navigation (Tab, Shift+Tab, Enter, Space) to simulate a real user experience.
Common Mistakes & Misconceptions
❌ “I removed focus styles to make the design look cleaner.”
✔️ That’s a major accessibility failure. Design can be elegant and accessible.
❌ “Mouse users don’t need focus indicators.”
✔️ True, but accessibility is not built for just mouse users. Keyboard and screen reader users rely on focus visibility.
❌ “I’ll just use color without considering contrast.”
✔️ Ensure that the visual indicator meets WCAG contrast requirements for clarity.
Explore related terms: Keyboard Navigation, Web Accessibility, WCAG, Cognitive Disabilities, Form Accessibility
Key Takeaway
Never hide the focus indicator.
It’s one of the simplest and most powerful ways to support keyboard accessibility, digital inclusion, and accessibility compliance. If users can't see where they are, they can't interact, and that’s a barrier.
Want to Ensure Focus Visibility Across Your Site?
Use the T3AA Accessibility Analyzer or our Focus Indicator Testing Guide to make your digital experience keyboard-friendly.
Respect the tab key, design with visibility and inclusion in mind.